Protons and neutrons.
Protons, neutrons and electrons.
The two subatomic particles added together to determine the mass number of an atom are protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge, but both contribute to the mass of an atom.
Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles that have mass and are included in the calculation of the atomic mass number. Electrons have very low mass compared to protons and neutrons and are usually not included in the atomic mass calculation as they contribute very little to the overall mass of an atom.
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Electrons are typically the subatomic particles that are either removed or added to amber through the process of static electricity buildup. When electrons are transferred to or from the amber, it becomes negatively or positively charged, respectively.
Protons and neutrons. The amu of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons added together.
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is called mass number.
The atomic mass of an atom can be changed by adding or removing subatomic particles. By adding or removing protons, neutrons, or electrons, the atomic mass will be altered. Changing the number of protons will change the element, while changing the number of neutrons will create isotopes of the same element.
The atomic mass of an atom is determined by the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus is called its mass number.
Sir William Crookes was a British chemist and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of atomic theory. He is best known for his work on cathode rays, which eventually led to the discovery of the electron. Crookes' experiments with cathode rays provided crucial evidence for the existence of subatomic particles and helped lay the foundation for modern atomic theory.
For simplicity in the study of basic chemistry, atoms are said to consist of protons, electrons and neutrons, of which only protons and neutrons are considered to contribute to the element's atomic weight - that is, the electrons are considered to have essentially no mass are not accounted for when calculating atomic weight due to being overwhelmingly smaller than protons and neutrons. There are other particles to be considered but that will come in more advanced physical chemistry physics studies. EDIT: Corrected and added information.
Modern scientists expanded upon the atomic theory by incorporating concepts from quantum mechanics, which introduced the idea that particles like electrons exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. They also recognized that atoms are not indivisible; instead, they consist of subatomic particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons. Additionally, the concept of isotopes emerged, highlighting that atoms of the same element can have different masses due to varying numbers of neutrons. These developments enhanced the understanding of atomic structure, behavior, and interactions.