it is called the YOLK
There is no size requirements, the egg is fertilized inside the hen before the shell surrounds it on its way through the oviduct.
Egg is a female ova (female gamete) which once fertilized becomes a fertilized egg.Each fertilized egg has an external protective membrane( hard shell in oviparous). Often two female gametes get fertilized and have a common protective membrane (hard shell in oviparous).This is why sometimes(rarely) an egg has two yolks inside.
Nacre
When an egg is fertilized, and it is incubated (whether by the hen sitting on it, or being kept in a warm box or special chamber), the baby chicken grows inside the shell, and when it is all grown as far as it can grow in the shell, it breaks the shell from the inside, with its beak, and thus, it hatches.
So that the seeds can be protected and make their own food from inside their own shell.
They aren't; they need a shell.
Shells are a kind of external skeleton The shells grow by adding new material to the edges as the animal inside gets bigger in this way the animal is protected by its shell all the time and does not have to moult or shed their shell.
They are protected by their shell. If they did not have there shell then they would pretty much die. They can not defend themselves. There will just hide under there shell and be protected that way.
Their shell... and they jump
There shell
No, the fertilized eggs in mammals are always without shell and so in the case of placental mammals.
All eggs that have a hard or semi hard shell are fertilized before being laid.