water!
Land heats up faster than water.
evaporation
Surfaces with low specific heat capacity, like sand or concrete, will heat up faster. Surfaces with high specific heat capacity, like water or soil, will heat up more slowly but also cool down more slowly.
Land cools faster because land is floating on the earths surface. Water gets deeper, so the suns heat cant heat the bottom of the ocean as well as the surface
Higher
Sliced potatoes would cook faster because there is more surface area to absorb the heat
Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid (such as air or water). As the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the air close to the surface absorbs that heat and becomes less dense, causing it to rise. As the warm air rises, cooler air moves in to take its place, creating a cycle of heat transfer that helps warm the Earth's surface.
the sun's heat energy causes surface water on the earth to change into water vapor.
Surface water is typically cooler than surface soil because water has a higher heat capacity, meaning it requires more energy to change its temperature compared to soil. Additionally, water can move and mix more easily, allowing it to distribute heat more efficiently. Soil, on the other hand, has a lower heat capacity and heat conductivity, resulting in faster temperature fluctuations and higher temperatures at the surface.
Water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas by trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere. When sunlight warms the Earth's surface, water evaporates and enters the atmosphere where it can absorb and re-radiate heat. This process helps regulate the Earth's temperature, similar to how a greenhouse traps heat inside.
The lower atmosphere, known as the troposphere, is warmed by heat from Earth's surface. This warming is due to the absorption of outgoing radiation by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, which trap heat in the atmosphere.
Energy from the sun that is absorbed by the Earth's surface is reflected back into the atmosphere or absorbed by land and water and transformed into heat.