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Q: What term is used for the major mechanism by which pulmonary pathogens gain access to the normally sterile lower airways and alveoli?
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The primary toxicity of pulmonary agents is to the?

airway inhalation


What is a airborne transmission?

the transmission of pathogens - bacteria, viruses, spores- in the atmosphere from person to persons for example coughing and sneezing expels the dust, pathogens etc out of the airways into the atmosphere where they can easily be inhaled by anyone or settle on inate objects to be transferred at a later date.


Which pulmonary agent is relatively insoluble in water and relatively slow to react to chemically and by reason of these characteristics affects primarily the smaller airways?

Phosgene (CG) !!


Does water vapor is added to inspired air in the upper airways when subject is breathing normally and at rest?

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Which respiratory disease causes airways to narrow or become blocked when dustsmokeor cold air is present?

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Different lung diseases by smoking?

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Does The pulmonary circulatory system supplies blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary circulation is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart. The term pulmonary circulation is readily paired and contrasted with the systemic circulation. A separate system known as the bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of the larger airways of the lung.


What is the difference between COPD and Asthma?

In COPD both airways and parenchyma are affected where in Asthma only airways are affected.In COPD it's formed as the dominant until body getting weak. Normally it's awake after an age of 40. In the case of Asthma, it's being active from the child.


Whats the difference between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is Asthma, Chronic Bronchititis, and Emphysema, all of thise diseases cause obstruction of the airways, Asthma is a disease of inflamation (which causes swelling) and constriction, which narrows the airways, That's why two medications are needed, one an anti-inflamatory, and a broncho-dilator. Emphysema is a disease in which the small airways become damaged and distroyed, becoming like tissue paper, colapsing and obstructing the airway. Chronic Bronchititis is a disease which large amounts of thick secretions are produced which obstruct the airways. Many times a patient with one of these diseases also has some of the others. This is true less often with Asthma, especially if the patient has never been a smoker.


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How does your body destroy the pathogens you swallow?

IF .. they're trapped in the mucous of the upper airways, then you either sneeze (or cough) them out or you swallow them (and digest them in your stomach). Otherwise you must depend on antibodies and white cells to do their job.