Immunoflurescence
indirect fluorescent-antibody test
Indirect is used to test for ANTIBODIES and direct is used to test for ANTIGENS. For example, Indirect ELISA is used to test for HIV antibodies.
In the Indirect ELISA ,An antigen is added to the microtiter plate well and the antigen attaches to the walls of the microtiter plate.After rinsing to remove excess antigen, the serum suspected of containing the antibodies is added.Enzyme-linked antibody capable of reacting with the constant region of other antibodies is the added, followed by addition of the colorless substrate. Development of color indicates the presence of the antibody being identified.
A Coomb's test will indicate the formation of antibodies on the red blood cell. This test can be used to determine blood type, and diagnose certain hemolytic anemias. A Coombs' test may also indicate the prescense of maternal antibodies against the fetal blood type as occurs in erythroblastosis fetalis.
Indirect means not direct. We got there by indirect means. The author used indirect characterization.
The secondary antibodies can bind to multiple sites on the primary antibody and thus produce a brighter signal since more dyes are brought to a single location. http://www.bio.davidson.edu/COURSES/genomics/method/IMF.html
An indirect Coombs' test looks for antibodies to someone else's red blood cells in the patient's serum
the most indirect. This is the most indirect route ever to the airport
the indirect form is indirect form hahaha :)
A direct democracy
when you count indirect.
Basic imunology principle; if you wanna detect specific antibody, you should have a specific antigen to detect it. The other blood group system considered as minor blood group and of course the major one is ABO and Rh system. Antibodies from other blood group such as MNSs, P, Mia, Kidd, Kell, Duffy, Lewis, Diego etc. might cause hemolytic transfusion reaction as well in case of it's catagories in IgG class. From basic imunology princeple, known cell, Standard cell O can be used for detecting antibodies from other blood group systems. The main reason of using O cell for detect other blood group is.. there're no A-Ag and B-Ag on red cell. The process of anti human globulin test (Indirect coombs test) could be perform between serum sample and standard o cell to detect antibodies form other blood group systems.
Indirect