By conducting your experiment, the result of that experiment either agrees with your hypothesis or disagrees your hypothesis.
The experiment tests the hypothesis.
A hypothesis is tested by having trials
Amend or discard the hypothesis
A theory.
The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis.
They make continuous tests and evaluations until the hypothesis becomes validated and certified.
Yes
several times, and must get agreement from the scientific community
When it proves the tests of repeated experiments
When it proves the tests of repeated experiments
Write it up and publish.
The difference between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis are on the sense of the tests. In statistical inference, the null hypothesis should be in a positive sense such in a sense, you are testing a hypothesis you are probably sure of. In other words, the null hypothesis must be the hypothesis you are almost sure of. Just an important note, that when you are doing a tests, you are testing if a certain event probably occurs at certain level of significance. The alternative hypothesis is the opposite one.