Evolution, Atomic Theory
It can change if it is proven wrong, or if a new theory is proven more likely to be true.
a law is something that is true and a theory is an opinion or thought that can be proven wrong.
Nope, educated assumptions are more of a theoretical answer to a question, since theory cannot be proven wrong given the conditions put forth before the theory is stated, same with the educated assumption, what can be proven wrong is the conditions given prior to the assumption
theory
Unlike religion, science need objective and strong evidence before giving credit to a theory as explanation of something. And anything that has been proven "true" can always be proven wrong by any other new theory which fits better or simoly be proven wrong.
Aristotle's dynamic motion theory was proven wrong by a man named Galileo. He tested Aristotle's theory by dropping a heavy object and a lighter object at the same time. The experiment proved Aristotle wrong because the result was that the two objects were falling at the same rate (speed).
Scientific theorums are normally discarded after they have been proven to be wrong after a series of testing to verify if the theory was correct or not. Scientific theorums can take years, sometimes decades to be proven to be correct or incorrect.
a) an idea that has never been proven wrong
Exactly the same, there was no big bang!! That theory has been proven wrong.
No, they can be proven wrong. For instance, one theory long ago stated that the Earth was the center of the Solar System, and the Sun and Planets went around us. This theory was proven wrong by Copernicus. Until the 20th Century, it was 'Theorized' that the Universe was in a "Static" condition. Then it was proven that it was expanding (Edwin Hubbel gets that credit). So nothing is forever, perhaps even the Universe?
Many ancient civilizations believed so. Today, that theory has been proven wrong.
Yes ... in theory. Scientific knowledge is always provisional knowledge, that is, not absolutely certain. However, it is very, very rare for a well established scientific theory to be completely overturned. Ordinarily theories are refined by correcting small errors, or by filling in missing parts. Relativity 'superceded' Newtonian Physics, but it did not replace it or find it wrong. Rather it extended it into new realms, and provided a new basis for Gravity (among other things). See the entry for "Theory" in Wikipedia for more. (And always remember, the meaning of "theory" in science is not the same as the meaning in ordinary language, where theory is often used to mean "hypothesis". In science, "Theory" means a well established body of laws and facts.)