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Because the earth is not flat and it spins on its axis, once every twenty four hours. As a result at places whose longitude is 15 degrees East of the Greenwich meridian, the sun's position is one hour later than at the Greenwich meridian.
The Greenwich Meridian, also known as the prime meridian or International Meridian, is the "starting point" for dividing the Earth's surface into time zones. Each time zone is 15 degrees of longitude wide (with local variations) and the local time is one hour earlier than the zone immediately to the east on the map
the amount of time the sun takes to cross the meridian twice
If you are located anywhere on earth that's more than 23.5 degrees from the equator, then the sun can never appear at your zenith. If you're anywhere within 23.5 degrees of the equator, then the sun will appear at your zenith, or very close to it, twice each year.
When the shadow of the Sun is exatly in the North
When the Sun is at its highest position, it is at a line called the meridian. It is a line that goes from north to south, passing through the zenith.
Ante meridian and post meridian. "Ante" is Latin for "before", "post" means after. Meridian is when the sun reaches its zenith, the highest point in its daily arc; i.e., noontime.
Time before noon. Before the use of standard time, (Greenwich Mean Time, time zones, etc.) most communities used solar time. Every town had its own standard of time. Noon was when the sun reached its highest point in the sky on any given day. Solar noon happens at the moment of the sun's transit of the meridian; the geographical north- south imaginary line directly overhead that the sun and other celestial bodies cross. Before the sun crosses the meridian it is morning. After the sun crosses the meridian it is afternoon (post meridian). In modern times we still use the a.m. and p.m. designations, even though they are not technically correct.
If you are asking about time-related A M and P M then it means - Ante meridian and post meridian. "Ante" is Latin for "before", "post" means after.Meridian is when the sun reaches its zenith, the highest point in its daily arc; i.e., noontime.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the time of day at any point on the Greenwich meridian (the zero degree line of longitude). It is from this time that all other time zones on earth (+ or -) are compared therefore if you want to communicate things that happen all round the earth you use GMT to communicate this (rather than your local time) to avoid confusion and the need for calculations.
AM = "Ante - Meridian"PM = "Post - Meridian""Ante" and "post" mean "before" and "after"."Meridian" is the imaginary line in the sky that runs north/south and passes directly over you.In the morning, the sun moves from the eastern horizon toward the meridian. At Noon, the sun crosses the meridian. In the afternoon, the sun has crossed the meridian and moves away from it toward the west.Morning is the time before the sun crosses the meridian = Ante-Meridian = AM.Afternoon and evening is the time after the sun crosses the meridian = Post-Meridian = PM.
The highest point. It is used especially about the position of the sun; when the sun is at its zenith, it is as far from the horizon as it gets. At the equator, when the sun is at the zenith, it is right overhead.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was historically the noon time when the sun crossed the Greenwich Meridian in the UK. Although technically this is no longer the case, it is still refered to as the arbitary time from which the other times are derived and is the global time standard. Standard time would vary and I must assume that this the 'standard' time where you live. So if you live in Dallas, TX you'd be GMT + 6; i.e. you are running 6 hours behind Greenwich.
Longitude
No, the zenith is never reached due to position of the sun and earth
Zenith in the date sunset function in PHP refers to the angle of the sun below the horizontal plane during sunset. It is used to calculate the precise time when the sun sets based on the specific angle chosen. A lower zenith value indicates a later sunset time, while a higher zenith value means an earlier sunset time.
Glasgow is one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time from the last Sun. of Mar. until the last Sun. of Oct. Glasgow is on GMT the rest of the year. If you mean Greenwich in NYC, Glasgow is usually five hours ahead.