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Nerve agents work by blocking a hormone called cholinesterase.

A nerve is basically a pipe. When your body wants to send information down a nerve, it puts a little bit of the hormone acetylcholine into it. When it wants to stop sending, it shoots some cholinesterase down the pipe, and the cholinesterase "turns off" the acetylcholine. (There's more to it than that, but you get the idea.) By stopping cholinesterase from working, your whole body just goes into convulsions and, eventually, you just seize up. Very nasty way to die.

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