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It's certainly possible to melt gold without vaporizing it (in fact, it's kind of hard to vaporize gold; the boiling point is over 3000 K ... more than 5000 degrees Fahrenheit).
Yes. When you consider that flakes of gold are solid albeit thin and lacking any real tensile strength, it is certainly possible for you to not change the gold's state of matter. In all seriousness, I'm pretty sure all you need is a spoon and a lighter or maybe a candle and you can be on your way to making solid gold bars in no time.
They melt..> they melt and turn back to water.
Depending on the temperature they could melt into rain or sleet. Or as we call it in Virginia, "sneet".
if you are pertaining to the gold leaf made out of lustrous metal gold yes it can be melt down. but if you are pertaining to the gold leaf put in some Chinese temples, houses or ceremonies no you can't melt it if you tried to it'll burn to ashes.
you melt it down remove the impurities and shape it into what you want.
they are both gold even though solid gold is solid you can melt it down into liquid.
You can't change "yellow" gold to white gold. White gold is an alloy of gold that contains gold and another metal, often nickel, platinum or palladium. To make white gold, you have to first melt down gold, melt down your other metal and mix them in an alloy.
Yes. The reasoning is unknown, but yes you can.
You can take it to a factory and they will melt it down to create it into what you need/want.
Both. The gold jewelry has intrinsic value depending on the gold content, and they can possibly sell it for more if the price of gold increases. They also melt the gold down to extract the gold content, especially if they have a large quantity of lower-quality gold jewelry they want to get value from.
Miners do not and are not allowed to melt gold into money.