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work = the dot product of the force (F) and displacement vectors (D) = f * d * cos (theta), where 'f' and 'd' the magnitude of F and D, respectively; 'theta' is the angle between the two vectors.

If theta = 90o, cos(theta) = 0. No work is done. That is, F is orthogonal to D.

If d = 0, no work is done. That is, if the object is returning to the starting point, D = 0.

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