Venous blood does not have the relative advantage of high pressure that arteries have. Therefore, veins utilize two mechanisms to return the blood to the heart. First, veins have valves in them to keep the flow in one direction. This important especially when blood in the lower body must move upwards against gravity. Second, veins bone muscle contractions assist in pressuring the veins to move the blood along.
Skeletal muscle contractions which pulls the blood back and valves which close after blood has passed through it.
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1. Respiratory "Pump". Pressure changes that occur in the thorax during breathing. 2. Muscular "Pump". Contraction and Relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding the veins.
venous and arterial
Venous and arterial
According to Starling's law, an increase in venous return (i.e. increase in preload on the ventricles) results in a more effective contraction, hence augmenting cardiac output, as long as the actin and myosin fibrils in the muscle fibers are not overstretched. In the most simple terms, the more blood the heart collects blood from venous return, the more it is able to distribute through cardiac output. If venous return is poor, cardiac output will be poor- basically like a water pump that is connected to an insufficient supply of water.
brachiocephalic
dural sinus
The two events and movements that form the backdrop of the Acts of the Apostles are the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which is central to Christian faith, and the founding of the early Christian church by the apostles following Jesus' Ascension. These events set the stage for the spread of Christianity and the actions of the apostles in sharing the message of Jesus.
The inciting incident in "A Tale of Two Cities" by Charles Dickens is the return of Charles Darnay to Paris. Darnay's return sets off a chain of events that eventually leads to the outbreak of the French Revolution and the fates of the novel's characters becoming intertwined.
Dural venous sinuses are formed in areas where the two layers of the dura mater separate, forming spaces
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