They thought the Earth was the center of the Universe. They also thought that the Sun was 300 times the size of Earth. Last but not least the ancient Greeks estimated that the circumference of the Earth was around 28,000 to 29,000 miles.
Eastern philosophers and Christianity.
Two Enlightenment philosophers were Voltaire, known for advocating for freedom of speech and religious tolerance, and John Locke, known for his ideas on natural rights and the social contract theory.
Greeks and Romans
Yes. The roots of Western philosophy lie in the prolific philosophy the ancient Greeks . The Romans adopted two schools of Greek philosophy which became popular around the empire: stoicism and Epicureanism.
The Earth and the sky were the two major parts. They knew the Earth was spherical and they assumed the sky was as well.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke are two philosophers who are often credited with pioneering the idea of popular sovereignty. They both emphasized the importance of the consent of the governed and the idea that political authority is derived from the people themselves. Rousseau's "The Social Contract" and Locke's "Two Treatises of Government" are key works that explore these ideas.
Nietzsche believed that philosophers tend to prioritize either truthfulness (the drive for objectivity and honesty in seeking knowledge) or originality (the desire to create new ideas and interpretations) in their work. These idiosyncrasies can shape their philosophical approach and style.
Marx and Engels got many of their ideas from other philosophers, economists and political activists.
Thomas Jefferson borrowed many ideas from John Locke and Montesquieu. Locke's ideas on natural rights and limited government influenced Jefferson's writing of the Declaration of Independence, while Montesquieu's ideas on separation of powers and checks and balances influenced the design of the U.S. Constitution.
It was Bailly who saw a two stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new.
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the Romans used the Greeks idea to sit down and talk and come up with ways they can make their community better. The Romans further elaborated on Greek ideas in the field of philosophy, particularly with the stoic school. Stoicism originated in Greece and became popular in the Roman world. Cato the Younger, a statesman in the late Republic was a stoic follower. Plautus and Rufus were two philosophers at the time of Nero. Seneca was one of the greatest stoics. Emperor Marcus Aurelius was also a stoic philosopher.