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There are around 3500 inner hair cells which are found in the cochlea of the ear. They are attached to the basilar membrane and also embedded in a highly viscous fluid. When the angle of the head is altered this fluid exerts force dependent on the direction of gravity.
The embedded hair cells are therefore moved causing an influx of potassium ions from the endolymph and a resultant increase in the release of synaptic vesicles at the ribbon synapses. Due to the different orientations of the hair cells in the ear (from arrangement of cochlea) each movement of the head produces a unique combination of excited synapses (hair cells are only affected when bent in one direction).
This information is transported to the brain where decisions are made about the action the muscles need to take to restore the body's balance.
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