Polystyrene or Heated flooring
convection
radiation
Insulation is rated in terms of thermal resistance, called R-value, which indicates the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. The R-value of thermal insulation depends on the type of material, its thickness, and its density. In calculating the R-value of a multi-layered installation, the R-values of the individual layers are added.
A board-type product, usually of low or medium density, made of mineral fibers, cellular glass, foamed plastic, wood fiberboard, one or both sides of which may be faced with another material; provides thermal insulation in a roofing system. :D
The same way a cover or even clothes help you hold in heat. Thermal insulation, which is in many homes and buildings, is believed by many to be the most common type of insulation. The design of thermal insulation is intended to decrease the transfer of heat between the interior of an edifice and the outside. Thermal insulation helps a building to maintain heat throughout the winter season. It also helps the building to remain cool during the summer months. Although, no material can completely hinder the transfer of heat from one area to another, there are; however, many resources that can slow down the transfer process.
Heat tape and insulation are your best bests. Check out your local Home Depot type store in the plumbing department for the heat tape and pipe insulation.
Ceramic. Ceramic.
Conduction
I think the bonded Vinyl siding will provide the best insulation
convection
Isulation is a type of mateirial that holds in heat. For example (like you asked): a cofee thermis has insulation.
Foil and Fiberglass Duct Insulation is best.
Newspaper
A Styrofoam cup has the best type of insulation. These are better cups because they have the lowest thermal conductivity.
radiation
The pipes may be wrapped with fiberglass insulation.
Our home is extremely cold in the winter. What type of foam insulation would be best to use in the attic?