Wood glue. Go to a hardware store.
Different types of PVA are used to join timber.
Yes, gum is type of glue.
No, timber is another name for wood. So strictly speaking it is not a type of wood.
Polyurethane construction adhesive like Sikabond Construction Adhesive will glue cork to marble. You could also use a hot glue gun.
There is a type of glue for every repair.
No.
Wood glue is better FOR GLUING WOOD than any other type of glue !
Timber is another word used for wood it is not a type of wood.
Depends what type of glue.
Mere seconds, the glue dries almost instantly if it is a heated glue gun due to air contact cooling. If the glue gun is not heated then it would depend on the type of adhesive and could take anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes.
Kraft glue or elmers glue
Elmer's white glue.