A rather simplified answer: Weathered rocks are broken down by ice, rain and wind, into smaller rocks, pebbles, sand, and silt. When the lighter sand and silt is carried by rivers, etc. and reaches the sea, it may form a layer on the sea bed. If the layer is placed under tremendous pressure, and is mainly of sand, sandstone is formed (over many eons). If mainly silt, slate is formed.
sedimentary
Any type of rock that is at or near the surface could be affected by weathering and erosion. Mountains are eventually flattened; caves are formed underground. Both are the result of weathering and erosion.
Chemical Weathering
Tafoni, also called 'honeycomb weathering' are a group of significant pits formed in the surface of a rock. Very common in coastal areas, where the regular wet-dry cycles are obvious. Caused by differential weathering of the rock, and the 'lands' between the pits are often quite thin and lacy in appearance. The presence of salt is thought to be an important feature of this type of weathering.
Physical weathering
Clastic sedimentary rock is the usual type of rock formed from the products of rock weathering.
A Igneous B Sedimentary
Sandstone is the sedimentary rock formed from weathered rock.
sedimentary
Any type of rock that is at or near the surface could be affected by weathering and erosion. Mountains are eventually flattened; caves are formed underground. Both are the result of weathering and erosion.
It is possible, but not likely. It is more likely to undergo metamorphism, or be subjected to weathering and erosion, and end up as a different type of rock.
Conglomerates form from clastic sediments which are products of weathering, so, conglomeratic materials could be formed from any other rock type. Conglomerate itself is an Example of Mechanically formed Sedimentary Rock.
Chemical Weathering
The type of weathering that does not alter the chemical composition of the rock is called physical weathering. The acid weathering usually alter the chemical composition of a rock.
Tafoni, also called 'honeycomb weathering' are a group of significant pits formed in the surface of a rock. Very common in coastal areas, where the regular wet-dry cycles are obvious. Caused by differential weathering of the rock, and the 'lands' between the pits are often quite thin and lacy in appearance. The presence of salt is thought to be an important feature of this type of weathering.
mechanical weathering
Chemical weathering