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Ptolemy had three different systems for explaining planetary orbit all of which were geocentric in nature. Meaning they had the earth at the center of the known universe. There was an epicycle on deferent model. In which the planets rotated in perfectly circular orbits (epicycle) around a point in space which then rotated in a larger circle (defernet) around the earth. The second model was called the eccentric model in which the planets rotated around a large circle with its center of orbit being a point at the center with the location of the earth being of centered, and the earth remaining stationary. The third model was the equant model in which the earth and a location in space called the equant were located on equal but opposite sides of the center of the planets orbit. The whole point to all of these was to attempt to preserve the traditional view of planetary movement being uniform and the earth being at the center while still explaining such oddities as retrograde. Which is when a planet continues in one direction and then makes a temporary reversal in motion and carries on back in the opposite direction only to resume it regular course.

Source: Copernican Questions

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