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In very small electric motors which run on dc (direct current) a permanent magnet made of iron - or of some other alloy of elements capable of being magnetised - is used to create the two poles of the stator.
The rotor is built-up using windings made of insulated copper wire wound onto poles made of layers of well-insulated thin cast iron sheets which are called "laminations".
The thin sheets must be well insulated from one another to minimize power wastage caused by internal eddy currents that are induced as the rotor's poles continually break the stator's magnetic field.
In larger motors, which may run on either dc or ac (alternating current), the stator's magnetic field is created by field windings made of insulated copper wire wound around pole pieces which are not permanently magnetized.
For use with ac the stator, like the rotor, must be constructed either:
- using laminations of thin cast iron sheets, well insulated from one another, to minimize power wastage caused by internal eddy currents that are induced into the stator by the field winding, or
- using a non-magnetic material, such as aluminum, which cannot have eddy currents induced into it.
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