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They measure the mass, usually in grams or milligrams, but any "type" of gram is possible. For example, the molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of that substance in grams. We can't count the individual particles, but we can measure the molar mass on a balance.

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Q: What unit do chemists use to measure the amount of substance since they cant ohysically count the pieces in that substance?
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