Kelvin
Kelvin (K)
I have often seem them quoted in square kilometers. Also, comparisons with Earth may be used, as in "Jupiter has about 120 times the Earth's surface".
This depends on what unit you are using to measure in. However, area will always be measure in (unit)^2.
square inches
yes
The surface area is measured in square units
Traditionally the unit is the fathom (=6 feet) but nowadays you will see metres or indeed any proper unit of length.
Planets closer to the sun will receive more of the suns energy per unit of area on their surface than planets further from the sun, so will generally be hotter.
Kelvin is the official unit in the SI (International System of Units).
Celsius and Kelvins are the two scales that scientists use to measure temperature and the official SI unit for temperature is Celsius.
Ah, measuring the area of the top surface of liquid is a peaceful journey. You can use the square meter (m²) as the SI unit to measure this lovely space. Just imagine the gentle brushstrokes of your mind creating a beautiful picture of the liquid's surface area with this unit.
That is usually described in units of pressure - force per unit area. The SI unit for pressure is the pascal, equivalent to newton/meter2.