NAT - Network Address Translation.
•If the hosts on a network using private IP addresses need to access the Internet, a problem arises because the private IP addresses are not allowed on the Internet. •The solution is to use NAT (Network Address Translation), which uses a single public IP address to access the Internet on behalf of all hosts on the network using other IP addresses.
Using NAT (NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION) can make it possible to connect to Internet with Public IP Address at the Internet Gateway while Computers internally will use Private range of IP Addresses.
network address translation device
If a network is using a public IP address, anyone can use it to log on to the network. A private IP address requires a specific password. Only users who have the password can use that connection.
NAT (Network Address Translation) A service that translates a private IP address to a public IP address in packets destined for the internet, then translates the public IP address in the reply to the private address.
public ip-addresses are used in the Internet (they are registered addresses). private ip-addresses are used in local networks. imagine you have a computer in your local network that has a public ip-address and your PC has simultaneously an Internet connection: if you try to ping this pc you wouldn't be able to tell which computer is replying, the local one or the webserver.
The ranges and the amount of usable IP's are as follows:10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255Addresses: 16,777,216172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255Addresses: 1,048,576192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255Addresses: 65,536
NAT: Network Address Translation Nat is used to deal with public and private address. most of addresses that we have is private and you must use public address in the internet , so NAT server do this job and make address conversion
ip addresses from 172.16.0.0 thru 172.31.255.255 are private and do not route on the internet.
172.16.0.0 is itself a private IP address. (IP addresses from 172.16.0.0 to 172. 31.255.255 are all private IP addresses. Other private IP addresses are 10.X.X.X and 192.168.X.X where X can be from 0 to 255). But it's not usable as an IP address for a device such as a PC or host. This is because it's the first address and, by convention, the first address of a network is used to indicate its network address.
Destination NAT forwards requests for network resources using a public IP address to a private IP Address Dynamic NAT can dynamically assign public ip addresses to internal hosts making requests from resources outside the private network Source NAT implementations change the source address on outgoing connections from a private IP address to a public address.
A computer on the Internet is identified by its IP address. In order to avoid address conflicts, IP addresses are publicly registered with the Network Information Centre (NIC). Computers on private TCP/IP LANs however do not need public addresses, since they do not need to be accessed by the public. For this reason, the NIC has reserved certain addresses that will never be registered publicly. These are known as private IP addresses, and are found in the following ranges: From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255