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Saturn VThe Saturn V was created expressly for the space program. Earlier rockets were adapted to fit the needs of exploration (eg. the Mercury-Redstone combinations), but the power needed to push a craft into orbit required a completely new design.

The Saturn V contains 5 rocket engines, each of which had a diameter of 33 feet (if I recall Apollo 13 correctly). So at it's widest point, the rocket would have to be over 100 feet in diameter, creating 7.5 million pounds of thrust--enough to put the spacecraft into orbit along with the next set of engines which would push it off to the moon.

If you mean rockets used in wars, then the rocket that would have been a precursor to the Saturn 5 would be the Nazi Vengence rockets, specifically the V2 and the not widely used V3 which I don't think actually got used before they were rendered useless due to the war ending. The V2 had the capability of reaching near space, well out of reach of fighter planes of the time which had the job of trying to shoot them down before they got too high.

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