What was God' covenant with Jacob?

Answer 1

It was [and is] the same covenant God made with his grandfather, Abraham. Jacob [Israel] inherited it from his father, Isaac, who inherited it from his father, Abraham... who received it from God.

"...unto thee, and unto thy seed, I will give all these countries, and I will perform the oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; and I will make thy seed multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed; because that Abraham obeyed My voice, and kept My charge, My Commandments, My statutes, and My laws." (Gen.26:3-5)

God promised Abraham "the earth" [the Kingdom of God]... and that through his Seed [the Messiah] "the Salvation of mankind."

Jacob's covenant with God is the same one for which all of God's Faithful seek: Eternal Life in God's Kingdom.

It's the same covenant that God reconfirmed to Jacob's children following over 400 years in bondage in Egypt:

"And God heard their groaning, and God remembered His covenant with ABRAHAM, with ISAAC, and with JACOB." (Ex.2:24)

It's the same covenant which people of Faith [the heirs of Salvation - Heb.1:14] may also inherit through Jesus Christ [the earth; the Kingdom of God, which Jesus shall establish on earth]... and give to them.

"...if ye be Christ's, then ARE YE ABRAHAM'S SEED, and heirs according to the promise [covenant]." (Gal.3:29)

"For the promise [covenant], that he should be the HEIR OF THE WORLD, was not to Abraham, or to his seed, through the law, but through the Righteousness of Faith." (Rom.4:13)

God's covenant with Jacob is being fulfilled by Jesus Christ... the Author of our Salvation, who shall give the "Promised Land" [the earth] to His Faithful brothers and sisters.

"...Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdomprepared for you from the foundation of the world..." (Matt.25:34).

"...ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the Kingdom of God, and you yourselves thrust out." (Luke 13:28)

Answer 2

Promise
The blessing of descendants obtaining the choice locations of the Earth and greatness among the nations. Reference
Therefore God give you of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine:
Let people serve you, and nations bow down to you: be lord over your brethren, and let your mother's sons bow down to you: cursed be every one that curses you, and blessed be he that blesses you.
- Gen. 27:28-29
Promise
Dual promise of physical blessing through national greatness and the Messiah. Reference
And your seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and you shall spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south: and in you and in your seed shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
And, behold, I am with you, and will keep you in all places where ever you go, and will bring you again into this land; for I will not leave you, until I have done that which I have spoken to you of.
- Gen. 28:14-15

Answer 3

Yes, but it was Abraham whom God had made the covenant with first. Jacob is included in the covenant because he is a decedent of Abraham, but God does say Jacob's name in the covenant directly.. (Exodus 2:24 / Leviticus 26:42 / 2 Kings 13:23)

Answer 4

Exerpted from Genesis ch.28: And Jacob went out from Beer-sheba, and went toward Harran...and he dreamt, and saw a ladder set up on the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven; and the angels of God ascending and descending on it. And the Lord stood over him, and said: "I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father, and the God of Isaac. The land on which you are lying, to you will I give it, and to your seed...And Jacob awoke, and he said: "Surely the Lord is in this place; and I knew it not." ...And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it...And he made a vow, saying: "If God will be with me, and will guard me, and will give me bread to eat and garments to wear, so that I may come back to my father's house in peace: then shall the Lord be my God; and this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be God's house; and of all that You shall give me I will surely tithe for Your sake."

Answer 5

he did