With no external enemy, the Greek city-states went back to their usual occupation of fighting each other.
Tese ongoing wars left the Greek city-states so weakened that Macedonia was able to rise to dominance, then take over the Persian Empire.
In the Saronic Gulf where Salamis island is located .
Persian Wars.
It ended Persian attempts to control Greek war-making, leaving the Greek city-states to increasingly destructive wars with each other.
A major Greek victory against the Persians was the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The outnumbered Athenian forces, led by General Miltiades, achieved a surprising victory over the Persian army, effectively halting their advance into mainland Greece. This battle is significant not only for its military outcome but also for boosting Greek confidence and unity in the face of Persian aggression. The victory at Marathon set the stage for future Greek successes in the Persian Wars.
The Persian-Greek wars stretched from 499-449 BCE in several phases. There were not two distinct wars.
Nike was the symbol of victory.
The Persian army, and the armies of the Greek city-states.
The Greek city-states were freed to go back to their endles wars amongst each other, with horrendous effect on the populace.
The Greek fleet attacked the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis, which took place in 480 BCE. This naval battle occurred in the straits between the island of Salamis and the Athenian mainland. The Greek forces, led by Themistocles, successfully outmaneuvered the larger Persian fleet, leading to a decisive victory that was crucial in the Greco-Persian Wars.
The Persian king, and first Sparta then Athens on the Greek side.
The Persian Empire and various combinations of Greek city-states.
To prevent Persian takeover of the Greek cities in Europe as had already happened to the Greek cities in Asia.