DIRT/SOIL like everything else!
Fossil fuels such as coal and oil
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments.
Rocks that are formed by layers of sediments that are compacted over time are appropriately named sedimentary rocks.
The land where the rock was formed was underwater when the rock was formed. Over the years layers of Sediment sank to the bottom. Pressure formed the sediments into rock.
Millions of years ago, the remains of plants and animals decayed and built up in thick layers. This decayed matter from more?
Mars has a magma core with millions and millions of layers of rocks and sediments, just like what Earth has.
sedimentary rock formed by weathering and erosion
Layers of sediments compressed the layers of vegetation to form the coal deposits.
Each layer is deposited over time as the environment changes over millions of years. The process is deposition of differing sediments, forming strata. When buried at great pressure, the rock is formed, and the strata are evident. Layers may also be caused by lamination of the sediments or through mineral banding (especially in sandstones).
Alluvial soils are transported soils. They are formed of sediments which are brought down by rivers during the passage of their flow. As time passes the sediments get deposited in the form of a layer one upon another. This increases the pressure on the low lying layers of sediments and the temperature in the layers forming the base increases. Then, the process continues for thousands of years and alluvial soil is formed.
This is how they are formed: A river carries, (transports) pieces of broken rock to a lake or sea. The pieces of rock settle at the bottom, (they are deposited) They then form into layers. The sediments on top squish down the ones on the bottom, squeezing out all the water between the cracks. Over time, the sediments slowly cement together. It usually takes millions of years, but the layers eventually turn into sedimentary rocks.
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks form from sediments that deposited by the wind and water. Over the time those sediments will get pressed and cemented together. It can take millions of years for sediments to become a rock. So the oldest layers of a sandstone are on a bottom.
Sedimentary rock is formed from the processes of compaction and cementation of sediments.