Bubble theory. Big Bang theory.
The one where the universe is expanding and accelerating.
This is called the Geocentric model, from the latin prefix "Geo-" for earth or ground. This was dropped by the scientific community at the beginning of the renaissance for the Heliocentric model, which states that the sun is the center of the universe. However, even this has been abandoned. The general consensus now is that the universe has no definite center or, if it does, we can never find it due to the dimensional 'curvature' it has.
That is called the Big Bang theory.
A model of the universe is known as a cosmological model. These models aim to describe the structure, origins, and evolution of the universe based on various principles and observations. Astrophysicists develop and refine these models to better understand the vast expanse of space and time.
The steady state cosmological model is one such model that suggests the universe has always existed in a constant state, including the Earth. This model posits that new matter is continuously created to maintain a constant average density as the universe expands. However, this model is largely discredited in favor of the Big Bang theory, which describes a dynamic and evolving universe.
Copernicus suggested a heliocentric model of the universe. Meaning, the earth was the centre of the universe and other planets had to orbit around the earth. This model of the universe was against Ptolemy's model of a geocentric model; a stationary Earth at the centre of the universe.
No one because no one was alive then
The earth-centered model created by Ptolemy is called the Ptolemaic model or geocentric model. It proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe, with all celestial bodies moving around it in circular orbits.
Aristarchus of Samos was the first person (that we know of!) that proposed a heliocentric model of the universe, as early as about 200B.C). His model was rejected mainly because of Aristotle's influence.Copernicus was the next person to propose a heliocentric model of the universe which was published in 1547. although very controversial at that time, this model was the one that caught on.
Something called "dark energy" which provides almost 70% of the total energy in the observable universe and is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate (instead of decelerate as expected in the basic big bang model of the universe).
This model of the universe placed the Earth at the center of the universe
Galileo is famous for observing and proving his heliocentric model of the universe. After his observation the existing model of the universe was slowly phased out.