"Bread and circuses" is a term coined by the Roman poet Juvenal. It referred to the emperor's "congiarium" or gifts to the people of either free grain, oil, wine or money and the entertainment of the races and other events paid for by the emperors or during the republic, by political candidates. The politicians benefited because the people remembered their generosity at election time and the emperors benefited by quelling any civil unrest.
Bread and Circuses was an expression which encapsulate the belief of the Roman elites had to be fed and entertained to prevent them for rioting.
Bread referred to the grain dole the Roman state distributed to the poor and on which these people depended on for survival.
Circus was the name of the Chariot Racing tracks. Chariot racing was the most important form of entertainment in Rome, together with the gladiatorial games. The elites liked to organise races and games to keep the people entertained and happy. Since these events were popular, financing and organising them brought popularity to the people who did this.
Bread referred to the grain dole which was distributed to the poor. Circuses referred to the circus, which was the chariot race track. The Roman elites believed that the masses were to be kept happy by providing bread and entertainments to prevent riots. The most popular forms of entertainment were the chariot races and the gladiatorial games.
To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.To control the masses, the emperor's indulged them with the "bread and circuses" policy". They put on free entertainments during festival times and gave the people free grain and oil. Donatives called "congiarium" which were gifts of money, were also given out.
European powers adopted the policy of mercantilism by which colonies existed for the benefit of the parent country. Europeans regulated trade with their colonies, sold monopolies to industries or trading companies, and imposed tariffs to protect their industries from competition.
After the Holy Roman Empire was established the Catholic Church became the dominate ruling authority in Europe for a 1,000 years. Today many nations are still Catholic nations the church often influences social policy set by governments. Ireland is a perfect example of the influence of the church on policy and how it has affected the social political areas.
On the entertainment side of the policy there could be the danger that overambitious or egotistical emperors could organised extremely lavish or extravagant games which were too expensive and could be a burden on treasury. Augustus capped private and public expenditure the gladiatorial games to save the Roman elite from the bankruptcy. He restricted them to two religious festivals and capped them a maximum 120 gladiators and a cost of 25,000 denarii. However, this did not stop some of the successive emperors form holding gigantic and extremely expansive games. For example, over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the games which inaugurated the Colosseum. Trajan celebrated his victories with games with 10,000 gladiators and 11,000 animals over 123 days. Marcus Aurelius legislated a cap on expenditure as costs were spiralling out of control. However this had little effect. One the bread side of the policy, the Roman state had to make sure that it had the money for the grain dole for the poor, who were given free grain.
Bread and Circuses was an expression which encapsulate the belief of the Roman elites had to be fed and entertained to prevent them for rioting. Bread referred to the grain dole the Roman state distributed to the poor and on which these people depended on for survival. Circus was the name of the Chariot Racing tracks. Chariot racing was the most important form of entertainment in Rome, together with the gladiatorial games. The elites liked to organise races and games to keep the people entertained and happy. Since these events were popular, financing and organising them brought popularity to the people who did this.
In ancient Rome, the political elite frequently distributed food (such as wheat) and funded lavish spectacles for the inhabitants. The provision of what Juvenal called "bread and circuses" is thought to have been an important element in placating the masses. The elite also seemed to have considered this to be an important part of their civic duty.
Offerings, such as benefits or entertainments, intended to placate discontent or distract attention from a policy or situation. :)
Bread and circuses was an expression which encapsulated the prejudice the Roman elites had towards the poor. It meant that the masses of the poor had to be kept fed and happy with entertainments to prevent them from rioting. Despite this riots still occurred when the people were unhappy with the current political situation. Bread referred to the grain dole for the poor. The poor received free grain (and later also olive oil, wine and salt) from the state. Without this many of the poor would not have survived. Circus was the name of the Chariot racing track. The Romans loved chariot races which, together with the gladiatorial games, were the city's top type of entertainment. The poor benefited from the dole because it fed them and from the entertainment because their day was dull.
Well, if it is a Term Assurance Policy, there is no maturity benefit. However, in Endowment Policy, you are of course entitled to maturity benefit.
both
If you cash in the policy then yes it will not pay the death benefit because you have cancelled the policy.
both
Double indemnity can be added to an insurance policy to allow the insured to receive a higher benefit.
Double indemnity can be added to an insurance policy to allow the insured to receive a higher benefit.
Politicians, and the constituents they claim to represent, often have different policy objectives than economic efficiency. That is, while economists often can and have established models for optimal fiscal policies, their end goals differ from those of politicians, so policy is complicated because groups with different desired outcomes must reach a compromise policy.