That was the Jews' own name for it after the War, but Adolf Hitler and his Nazi High Command called it the "Final Solution" - the "problem", in Hitler's mind, being the existence of the Jews as well as that of coloured, Romany and homosexual people.
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The Final Solution did not include any other groups than the Jews. This is not to take away from the persecution and devastation that the Romany suffered, they lost more people as a proportion than the Jews did. Also more groups than those mentioned suffered under the Nazis, but they were niether part of the Holocaust, nor part of the Final Solution.
The Jewish name for the Holocaust is 'Shoah'.
The term is the Holocaust.
The only groups singled out for extermination rather than enslavement were the Jews and the Romanies ('gypsies'). Please see related question.
They were taken to extermination camps. Please see related question.
Poland.
After the 1st year of WWII.
That is correct. The Nazis wanted to establish a super race, and that also involved the extermination of all Jews.
The Holocaust, the attempted extermination of the Jews and other groups deemed "undesirable" by the Nazis, was based on the idea that the Germans were the "master race." In every respect, it was a violent expression of discrimination.
to the exxtermination camps.
Concentration camps, Extermination camps and Death camps
Nazis considered the Jews a race whose goal was world domination and who, therefore, were an obstruction to Aryan dominance.
They were deported to the extermination camps. People came from the ghettos, or later they came from thier homes.
The Holocaust was the attempted extermination of Europe's Jews. At the same time there was an effort to kill as many Gypsies as possible. There were many more victims of the Nazis, but they were not persecuted like those in the Holocaust.