Shaam, which is now called Damascus, syria... but the city of shaam was much larger then
In 661 AD, the Umayyad Caliphate was established following the assassination of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. This marked the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the beginning of a dynastic rule under the Umayyads, significantly transforming Islamic governance and expanding the empire's territories. The capital was moved from Medina to Damascus, facilitating greater administrative control and cultural exchange across the vast Islamic realm. This period also saw the consolidation of Islamic practices and the spread of the religion beyond the Arabian Peninsula.
Baghdad.
The first Muslim Empire was located in Saudi Arabia Under the second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with him). Its capital was Madina Munawara. Later Muslim Empires had their capitals at Kufa, Baghdad, Cordova, Istambol.
It depends on the part of India in question. If you are referring to West India, much of which is now part of the independent country of Pakistan, then the answer is the Umayyad Caliphate because of General Mohammed bin Qasim. If you are referring to the majority of the Indian subcontinent, then the answer is the Mughal Empire under Babur the Great and his successors.
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman Empire under Emperor Constantine the Great around 330 AD.
The Arab Empire spread to all of Southwest Asia, Damascus, North Africa, Spain, and then eastward into the lands beyond Persia.
They did not. The Umayyads had no accepted religious authority, therefore they could not change Islamic Law or strongly influence it. However, under the Umayyad, the role of the Alim (or scholar) came to the fore as the primary source from which Qur'an could learned.
The Umayyad Caliphate conquered much of what is Pakistan today in the early 700s. Under the Umayyads, Islam became the state religion in those areas it controlled. Islam expanded to central and eastern India during the reign of the Islamic Mughal Empire in the 1500s.
In 661 AD, the Umayyad Caliphate was established following the assassination of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth caliph and cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. This marked the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the beginning of a dynastic rule under the Umayyads, significantly transforming Islamic governance and expanding the empire's territories. The capital was moved from Medina to Damascus, facilitating greater administrative control and cultural exchange across the vast Islamic realm. This period also saw the consolidation of Islamic practices and the spread of the religion beyond the Arabian Peninsula.
Under the Umayyad Caliphate, the Arabian Empire spread from Spain in the west to Central Asia in the east, reaching its peak expansion. The empire covered areas such as North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula.
Baghdad.
The first Muslim Empire was located in Saudi Arabia Under the second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Umar (May Allah be pleased with him). Its capital was Madina Munawara. Later Muslim Empires had their capitals at Kufa, Baghdad, Cordova, Istambol.
It depends on the part of India in question. If you are referring to West India, much of which is now part of the independent country of Pakistan, then the answer is the Umayyad Caliphate because of General Mohammed bin Qasim. If you are referring to the majority of the Indian subcontinent, then the answer is the Mughal Empire under Babur the Great and his successors.
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman Empire under Emperor Constantine the Great around 330 AD.
Umayyad dynasty ruled from 661 to 750. The Abbasid dynasty rose to power in 750 through 813. Then the Empire became fragmented, but the Abbasid dynasty survived as a weaker and weaker state until 1258 C.E.
The Muslim empire spread under the leadership of the Umayyad dynasty through the power of the Syrian army, which was the dynasty's foundation; this allowed the Umayyads to assume greater control of conquered provinces and and of Arab tribal rivalries.
The Muslim empire spread under the leadership of the Umayyad dynasty through the power of the Syrian army, which was the dynasty's foundation; this allowed the Umayyads to assume greater control of conquered provinces and and of Arab tribal rivalries.