Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), of course.
In the movie he goes by Indiana or Indy, but his real name is Henry Jones, Jr.
"Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom"
Going by film release order, it was Raiders of the Lost Ark, rebranded as it were to Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark. If you are going by chronological order, then it is Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.
In the final film Indy married Marion, the girl from the first film.
Indiana Jones reunited with Marion Ravenwood in the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
The Ark of the Covenant.
1981, same as when the first film was made.
The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996, and Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008
Harrison Ford played Indiana Jones in all four movies.
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom
Yes