Disease is the greatest cause of death.
diseases
amputations
If you mean SOLDIERS not "shoulders" the greatest cause of death was disease, infection and loss of blood due to inadequate care
Disease
Disease - by far.
If the question is asking about the Civil War battle with the highest death toll, I believe it was the Battle of Antietam.
*Disease*
The main cause of death in the US Civil War was disease because of the unsanitary conditions in hospitals used to care for wounded soldiers. One of the greatest killers was Dysentery, a disease that killed over 45,000 Union soldiers and 50,000 Confederate soldiers. It is estimated that two thirds of all deaths among US Civil War soldiers were due to various diseases.
The greatest cause of death in the Middle Eastern deserts are man-made, such as war, torture, or intentional deprivation of water. The greatest natural cause is unintentional dehydration along with resulting hallucinations.
Disease - far more than death in battle.
civil war
civil war