The successors of the Prophet Muhammad ruled as both religious and political leaders, and by the prophet's teachings of unharsh and fair ruling, which caused the Muslims in the Islamic empire to stay united after the death of the Prophet and also expand the empire.
Muawiyah made the office of Caliph hereditary.
The Caliph of the Ottoman Empire represented the religious leadership of the Sunni Muslims and granted legitimacy to the Ottoman Empire as the vanguard of Islam.
Caliph meaning the representative of God on earth
The Caliph's House was created in 2006.
The territory of a Caliph is called a Caliphate.
The caliph,Uthman,organized the navy.
The Muslim rulers after prophet Muhammad death in year 632 AD were called Caliphs. The first Caliph was Abou Bakr. The Caliph after death of the Caliph Abou Bakr was Omar Ibn Al-Khattab. That is why he was the second Caliph.
The first Caliph was Abu Bakr Assidik.
Caliph or Khalifa (خليفة) means "Successor"
The second caliph is Abu Jafar :)
Al-Rashid - Abbasid Caliph - was born in 1109.
Al-Rashid - Abbasid Caliph - died in 1136.