It was called Judea
It is called the diaspora (dispersal).
The word you are probably looking for is Zionism.
Israel is the homeland of the Jews, and Palestine is the homeland of the Palestinians. (However, there are people on both sides who disagree with this statement.)
Many Jews consider Israel to be their homeland.
Israel is considered the national homeland for the Jewish people and inherited this title from the Mandate for Palestine (which stated in Article 6 that the land was a Jewish National Homeland).
Israel is the Jewish homeland. It is where the Jews originated from.
For the most part, Jewish Zionists were hoping for decades, that their ancestral homeland their old Israel kingdom could be restored to them. Many may have been tempted by the British offer of having their colony in Uganda be that new Jewish homeland but that idea was dismissed by most Zionists Some Jews believed they could have their own homeland communities in the USA. Thousand of Jews immigrated to the US, however, the dream of a restored Jewish homeland in the area they lived in in the past was the best choice. Also, Jews, a small part of their population had already been living in "Palestine" for hundreds of years.
The question answers itself: because it is their homeland.
Jews
2020
Israel.
Palestine.