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Catholic Answer
It was known as the Cluniac reform and it began with the great Abbey of Cluny in France which was founded in 910 A.D. Historically, most monasteries in the Catholic Church are Benedictine, and at one time Benedictine Houses dotted Europe. See the link below for the story of Cluny and pictures of what remains today.
from Modern Catholic Dictionary by John A. Hardon, S.J. Doubleday & Co., Inc. Garden City, NY 1980
Cluny, Order of. A branch of Benedictines founded in 927 by St. Odo (879-942), who organized the reform of monasticism in France. The object of the Cluniac reform was a return to the strict rule of St. Benedict, the pursuit of personal sanctity, chanting the Divine Office in choir, solemnity in divine worship, and corresponding reduction of manual labor. The historic reforms of Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand 1073-1085), who had stayed in Cluny for a time, affected the life and discipline of the whole Catholic Church. By the later Middle Ages, the influence of the Cluniac spirit waned mainly because of interference by political powers and the confiscation by the state of monastic holdings.
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