The civilisation was built on the productivity of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys - the flood plains, dams and irrigation providing fertility and sustenance in a land otherwise mountainous and desert.
mountains
Iraq
Mesopotamia is located in present-day Iraq
There were no natural land forms protecting it
"Land between rivers"
The land of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys.
mesopotamia
by land
The present name is Iraq.
Mountains, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea are located near and in ancient Persia.
I think there are four. Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, and Chaldea.
Mesopotamia means land between rivers. It was a region in 3000 B.C.