Ethical monotheism. The belief and worship of One God, and the ethical system of conduct which that implies. See also:
No. Reform Judaism started in Germany, in the 19th Century.
yes
love thy fellow as yourself
Christianity got the 'golden rule' from Judaism although they changed it. In Judaism the golden rule is: That which is distasteful to you, do not do to others.
In Judaism
Judaism was the first to teach the existence of One God. Jewish tradition is that the entire Jewish nation, two million strong, heard God utter the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai. Judaism does not teach that all members of other religions are automatically doomed.
1. The professor is trying to teach his student about independent thought.
A Rabbi or a Cantor (or anyone for that matter) can interpret and teach the laws of Judaism.
No, from the Jewish perspective, it would be impossible for HaShem to die as He is not a person.
No, a theme is what an author is trying to teach you...
Judaim does not teach that we are not aiming for something specific at the end of our lives. Judaism is a religion of life, and focuses on making the world a better place.
he is trying to teach them how much ugly your mother is.