ronarius
The Auburn System
The Auburn prison system, often referred to as the "congregate system," is first implemented in 1819 at the New York State Prison at Auburn. Though it too incorporates Quaker ideals of reformation - humane conditions from bedding to health care, strict routines, and religious contemplation - it is considered a less pure model than the Philadelphia system. Prisoners are together, side by side, during work, meals, and prayer but return to solitary cells at night. Silence is enforced at all times, even among groups. Usually, the inmates' work consists of hard labor, such as the construction of roads or buildings. This is considered the route to repentance and salvation. Inmates march in unison, in a formation known as the lock step, which will remain in use at many prisons into the 21st century.
Auburn introduces the tier system, different levels of cells built above one another, in which convicts are housed according to their offense category - first timers vs. repeaters, murderers vs. thieves, and so forth. Inmates wear uniforms of different colors, depending on their classification. The work regimen produces income that the Pennsylvania system could not generate, and this system is by far more cost effective and practical. Inmates are less likely to go mad, and it is easier to feed everyone in a group. The Auburn philosophy quickly becomes the model for prisons nationally and internationally.
The Pennsylvania system,
which is also known at the separate system, encouraged solitary confinement for the prisoners. The Pennsylvania system was the leading influence in penology for over a century and was the forerunner of modern corrections. It was designed to keep prisoners separate even as they worked in-order to keep the inmates from being distracted and impeding their repentance. The idea was originally developed by the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, whose most active members where Quakers.
It was an experiment in solitary confinement in prisons. This was an experiment in the Mass Prison Era of 1825-1876. Solitary Confinement was the basis for the Pennsylvania System and the Auburn System was what put an end to the Pennsylvania system.
They were diametrically opposed with the Pennsylvania System dependent on isolation and redemption and The Auburn System designed to improve social relations and communications in a work environment. (See Penology.) Silence and Harsh Punishment
four differences between fileprocessing system and database management system
The Auburn System is not a single prison, but a model or theory upon which a prison is planned or run. The Auburn System used the old Quaker idea of solitary confinement (Walnut Street Jail after the 1790 addition) and brought the prisoners into a common area for work assignments. It was an adaptation of the Pennsylvania System, (Eastern and Western States Penitentiaries built in 1829) which kept prisoners in their own cell to do work. The influence of the Auburn System is seen in just about any prison industry system.
Two 19th-century prison systems include the Auburn system (also known as the "silent system" or "Congregate System") and the Pennsylvania system (also known as the "separate system" or "solitary confinement"). The Auburn system emphasized congregate work during the day while the Pennsylvania system focused on isolating inmates in individual cells at all times. These approaches were developed to instill discipline and foster rehabilitation through different means of controlling and monitoring prisoners.
The great penitentiary rivalry, primarily between Auburn and Sing Sing prisons in the 19th century, drove prison reforms focused on rehabilitation and isolation of inmates to prevent communication. This rivalry contributed to the development of the Auburn system of silent confinement and the Sing Sing system of individual cells, influencing modern prison design and management practices. The competition between these two institutions highlighted the importance of penal reform and the need for more humane treatment of prisoners.
nothing but heart
what are the differences btween the algerian and british educational system
what is the differences betweenBabylon and Egyptian number system
There are many differences and similarities between a perch and a human in the digestive system. One is the enzymes found in the gut.
differences between the bookkeeping systems of informal and formal sectors
Solaris is a Unix system.