The entire Torah, which was given during the lifetime of Moses with all of its laws. Among the Torah's laws, one of the first is Exodus 12:2, that Nissan shall be the first of the months. Many other laws follow in the same chapter.
Earlier still are Genesis 32:33 (prohibiting the sciatic nerve) and 17:10 (circumcision). See also Genesis ch.9 (which, however, preceded Abraham).
No. Judaism was not the first monotheistic religion.
No, they do contain laws, but they are not law; they are referred to as the Pentateuch.
A Rabbi or a Cantor (or anyone for that matter) can interpret and teach the laws of Judaism.
There were earlier idolaters who had their own laws. These include the laws of Lipit-Ishtar, those of Hammurabi, those of Eshnunna, and the Hittite code.
Religious law within Judaism is called 'Halacha' and is recorded in the Talmud.
The Torah is the key to Judaism. It contains the history of Judaism, its morals, laws, ideology and outlook.
In the Torah.
Yes, the Torah is the basic text of Judaism, containing its beliefs and laws.
All of our western laws and values have been influenced to some extend by Judaism. This is because basically our laws are derived from the ten commandments.
Judaism.
Judaism
No prophet revealed the basic laws of faith in judaism. Jewish tradition holds that G-d revealed the basic laws directly to the people at Mt. Sinai, in Egypt.