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The two types of sonar are active and passive.


Active sonar uses a transmitter, a device that converts electrical energy to sound energy, to send out sound waves. The sound waves travel through the water until they strike an object. The object reflects them in various directions. Some of the reflected waves return to the sonar, where they strike a receiver. Sonar determines distances by measuring the time taken for a sound wave to travel from the transmitter, reflect from the object, and travel to the receiver.


Passive sonar receives sound waves given off by some other source, but does not transmit sounds. Passive sonar can therefore determine the direction of an object, but is not as effective as active sonar in determining its distance.
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- Harman Kahlon

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