oxygen
In 1943 the US Mint briefly replaced the copper penny then in use with a steel penny, due to the wartime copper shortage.
US cents are made from a copper-plated zinc composition. The outer layer is made of copper to give the coin its typical reddish appearance, while the inner core is made of zinc to reduce production costs.
To determine the amount of oxygen, we first find the amount of magnesium by subtracting the given 20.0 grams of magnesium oxide from the total. Given that the molar mass of magnesium oxide is 40.3 g/mol and that of magnesium is 24.3 g/mol, we calculate the amount of oxygen by adjusting accordingly. This process gives us the weight ratio of magnesium oxide to oxygen.
However, the surface oxide layer is not very thick, so in practical terms the difference is going to be small (and since the total mass of a current US penny is 2.5 grams and only 2.5% of that is copper, even if every bit of copper were totally oxidized we're talking about a mass difference of well under 1%).
Oh, isn't that just a delightful chemical reaction we have here! When copperI sulfide is partially roasted in the presence of air, it forms copperI sulfite. Then, with a bit more heat, the copper sulfite breaks down into copperI oxide and sulfur. Just like painting a happy little tree, each step in the reaction brings us closer to a beautiful final result.
No US nickels have ever been struck in copper. The alloy they're made from contains copper but it's not enough to give the coins a copper color. Your coin was probably discolored due to dirt, exposure to heat or chemicals, or some other contaminant.
what is the current scrap copper price in the US
Rust is the name normally given to iron oxide, a compound formed when iron or steel is exposed to oxygen. Pennies, or cents in the US (and Canada until 2012) are made from copper and other non-ferrous metals so by definition they don't form rust. However some countries' "copper" coins are actually made of steel with a thin copper coating. If the coating is damaged oxygen can cause the underlying steel to rust although the copper itself does not.However, copper can and does react with oxygen and other materials over time, but usually it's a much slower process than what happens with a ferrous metal. In the case of coins, the most common reaction produces a greenish patina called verdigris; it's normally copper carbonate but in proximity to seawater verdigris can contain copper chloride.
US pennies are made of a copper-plated zinc composition. They are composed of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper.
Copper
The Roman numeral in a compound name is usually the oxidation state of the element it follows. For example, in copper (II) oxide, the II tells us the copper is in oxidation state +2. This is modern nomenclature. The old system used suffixes (cupric oxide vs. cuprous oxide), requiring you to know that a) cupr- means "copper" (not so bad, but "ferr- means iron" or "stann- means tin" were less straightforward) and b) what the common oxidation states of copper were so you could decide which one was -ic and which one was -ous. Then there were prefixes like per- and hypo-. All told, it was a mess.
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