an eclipse
On the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun.
As it orbits the Earth there are times it can see the moon and there are times when it is on the opposite side of the Earth to the moon, so it can't see it.
The Moon orbits the Earth, while the Earth is orbiting the Sun. Because the Moon is moving, we see it in different positions relative to the Sun; we call this the "phases of the Moon". Only when the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun will we see a "full" moon.
When the Moon is the opposite side of the Earth to the Sun.
If you can see a full moon at your position on Earth, then someone on the exact opposite side of the world will see a new moon. This is because the full moon is when the side of the moon facing Earth is fully illuminated by the sun, so the side facing away from Earth is in shadow.
The far side of the moon is always opposite of the visible side. When the moon is new, it is between the Sun and the earth. Since we see the dark side of the moon, the opposite side must be fully lit by the sun. Likewise when we see a gibbous moon, the far side would be a crescent. When we see a full moon, the far side is in complete darkness.
The Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth than the Sun is when there is a full Moon.
You see a full moon when the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun, i.e. the Moon is behind the Earth as seen from the Sun, so practically the entire visible face is illuminated. This is also when the Earth's shadow can cross the Moon, creating a "lunar eclipse."
This happens when the moon is on the opposite side of the earth from the sun. The moon reflects the light of the sun, and because it is directly opposite, we can see half of it from the earth. This is the half that appears as the full moon.
Yes. Unless the observer was on the back side of the moon, or on the opposite side of the earth from the moon, he/she could see the same phases that we see here on earth.
During a full moon, the moon is directly opposite the sun in the sky, which is why we see it fully illuminated from Earth. It rises in the east as the sun sets in the west, and is visible throughout the night.
To be full moon, the Moon has to be opposite the Sun - that way, we see the whole of the illuminated side. The only way for the moon to be on the opposite side of earth is for it to be on the night side. Thus the full moon cannot be out during the day.