6
Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons in its neutral state. Sulfur-32 (S-32) would have the same number of valence electrons because the number of protons (which determines the element's identity) remains the same in isotopes.
Sulfur. It has six valence electrons. These six electrons plus the ten core electrons, 16, the atomic number (number of electrons or the number of protons [they are an equal amount because the positive and negative charges have to cancel each other out]). It is sulfur.
Both have six valance electrons. That is what the number at the top of their column means.
The sulfite ion (SO3^2-) has 18 valence electrons. There are six valence electrons from the sulfur atom (Group 16, 6 valence electrons) and four valence electrons from each of the three oxygen atoms (Group 16, 6 valence electrons each).
The atoms with six valence electrons are the elements of group sixteen. This list includes O, S, Te, Se, and Po. If you would like to answer this yourself, just remember that the last digit of the group number is typically the number of valence electrons that you will have. The exceptions of course are the transitional metals from group 3 to 12 and the lanthanides and actinides like uranium and plutonium. These have 2 valence electrons.
Electron arrangement makes it easy to know the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms. Carbon, hydrogen, fluorine, argon, sulfur and magnesium have 4, 1, 7, 8, 6 and 2 electrons in their outermost energy levels respectively.
In total there are 16 from the sulfur atom and 36 from the four fluorin atoms, making 52 in all. In drawing the Lewis dot diagram you would ignore only consider the valence electrons 6 from sulfur and 1 from eeach of the four fluorines making 10 in all, giving 5 electron pairs around the sulfur atom.
Ultimately, the number of electrons would not change, however, the position of elements of the periodic table according to their respective quantizied energy levels would change. For instance, on the periodic table one sharp would have hydrogen helium and lithum, proceeded by two sharp with beryllium, boron and carbon. Two principle would contain nitrogen, oxygen and flouride. This would merely be an assumption.
Selenium would not have the same number of valence electrons as the others. Boron, aluminum, and gallium all have 3 valence electrons, while selenium has 6 valence electrons.
3
An element with an atomic number of 14, such as silicon, would have 4 valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, which corresponds to the group number of the element on the periodic table.
Galena (PbS) consists of lead (Pb) and sulfur (S) atoms. In a Lewis dot diagram for galena, the lead atom would be represented with its valence electrons shown as dots around it, while sulfur would have its valence electrons depicted as well. Lead typically has four valence electrons and sulfur has six, so the diagram would show lead sharing its electrons with sulfur to form the bond. However, as a compound, the Lewis structure would mainly focus on the ionic interaction, showing lead as a cation (Pb²⁺) and sulfur as an anion (S²⁻) without explicit dot representation for the ionic bond.