Insulation - and I think the question's in the wrong category!
paper is thicker thus is hold cold or heat.
A Hangar
Cloud cover prevents Sunlight from reaching the Earth's surface, keeping the earth cooler.Cloud cover prevents heat escaping into space, keeping the Earth warmer.
A heat stroke.
I would call it "incalescent", but that's because I like obscure words. Someone who didn't enjoy reading dictionaries as a child might just say "hot".
Newspaper and styrafoam.
I would call this convection currents in the mantle.
Wrap it in something white. White reflects heat from the sun, keeping it cooler.
In a keeping warm investigation, I would include wool, which is known for its excellent insulation properties; down feathers, which trap air and provide warmth; aluminum foil, which reflects heat; and cotton, which is commonly used but less effective in retaining heat compared to the other materials. These materials would allow for a comparative analysis of their thermal properties and effectiveness in retaining warmth.
That would be a description of heat transfer by conduction.
Leather is not a good insulator for keeping warmth in. It is a poor insulator and does not retain heat well.
Heat tape is just for keeping the pipes from freezing, it does not heat the water. That's what the hot water heater is for.