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Strictly speaking, Herod never ruled Israel, as that kingdom ceased to exist in 722 BCE, centuries before his time.

Rome made Herod tetrarch of Palestine in 41 BCE, but he lost his teritory to the Parthians in 40 BCE. In 38 BCE, he became king of Idumea and Samaria, but not Judea or Galilee. In 37 BCE, he recaptured Jerusalem, thereby including Judea in his kingdom. The Romans transferred some territories out of his control, then back again, until by 30 BCE his territorial boundaries were stabilised.

King Herod died in April 4 BCE. He had been a king since 38 BCE, a reign of about 34 years. He had ruled Jerusalem and Judea since 37 BCE.

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Q: What years did King Herod reign?
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