You must check out everything related to the Vatican. St. Peter's is also something necessary for you to visit.
There are various names for Papacy, the most common is The Holy See, Diocese of Rome, The See of Rome, The Patriarchate of Rome, See of Peter and etc..
"The Holy See" at the Vatican in Rome, Italy
Yes, the Lebanese president belong to the Maronite church which is an eastern catholic church in full communion with the Holy See of Rome (in other words, Maronites are part of the Catholic Church).. The President of Lebanon must always be a Maronite.
Yes, Maronites are part of the Catholic church. They are an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See of Rome. Please see the related link below.
Ordination is when a person becomes a priest in the Catholic church and is held in a cathedral or the Basilica in Rome.
We don't know the exact year that St. Peter went to Rome, nor the year that he was martyred there, but with his death and burial in Rome; along with that of St. Paul, Rome became the center of the Catholic Church until the end. See the Catholic Encyclopedia article at the link below.
The home of the Catholic Church is Vatican City, Rome, Italy. It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church. The very first Pope, St. Peter, was buried on Vatican Hill, and the center of Catholic Christianity has been in Rome ever since, Vatican City. See Taylor R. Marshall's book, The Eternal City Rome & the Origins of Catholic Christianity. (link below)
Sedevacantism is the belief that the See of Rome is vacant - that is, they believe that the Pope is not really the Pope. Being Catholic means being in communion with the bishop of Rome, the pope. So if you reject that the pope is the pope, you are not Catholic. Sedevacantists are not members of the Catholic Church, though they would claim to be the only true members. The ritual and theology may be catholic in some sense, or reflective of a particular period in Catholic history, but in itself that does not make a person or a group Catholic.
No. Episcopalians are not in union with The Holy See in Rome and so are not Catholic. Catholics do recognize episcopalians as "Christian".
Vatican City is not called the Holy See. Vatican City is the home and headquarters for the Holy See - the governance of the Catholic Church. The name derives from the Latin Sancta Sedes - Holy Seat and is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Bishop of Rome—the Pope.
noAnglican Catholic Answer!Henry insisted on a literal interpretation of the Canon Law of the Catholic Church that no Bishop has the right to interfere in another Bishop's see! The Pope then refused him communion!The statement of Henry's must have been a bombshell because it broke a convention of silence that was 3 or 4 hundred years old, besides which it was the Law of the Church that Rome had been breaking and Henry, for good or bad, exposed it!
The Head of the Catholic Church is Our Blessed Lord, Jesus Christ, (see Ephesians 5:23). His Vicar on earth is the successor of St. Peter (see Matthew 16:17-19 & Isaiah 22:22): the Pope in Rome.