Positive
It doesn't. I prevents an action potential from forming.
A reduction in membrane potential is called hyperpolarization. This occurs when the inside of the cell becomes more negative than the outside, making it less likely for the cell to generate an action potential.
The falling phase, or repolarization, of an action potential involves the rapid efflux of potassium ions out of the cell, causing the membrane potential to return to its resting state. This phase allows the cell to restore its internal balance of ions and prepare for the next action potential.
When the membrane potential becomes more negative it is being hyperpolarized. Remember the resting membrane potential is already at a negative state (~70mV). So if you are making a comparison of a membrane potential that is hyperpolarized in comparison to a resting membrane potential, the resting membrane potential is said to be more depolarized.When the membrane potential becomes more positive it is called depolarization.
If the axolemma becomes more permeable to potassium ions, it can lead to an increase in the efflux of potassium ions from the axon. This efflux of potassium ions could potentially cause hyperpolarization of the axon, making it more difficult to generate an action potential and conduct electrical signals.
Excitation and Inhibition occur in the neurons. Excitation is when a neuron becomes depolarized and fires an action potential. Inhibition is when a neuron becomes hyperpolarized preventing it from firing an action potential.
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When a neuron becomes excitable, it is able to generate and conduct electrical impulses known as action potentials. This excitability allows the neuron to communicate with other neurons through synaptic connections, facilitating the transmission of information within the nervous system.
They are fibres which generate AP(action potential) which trigger heart contractions.
Local polarization is the first step. Next the generation and propagation of an action potential. Lastly repolarization has to take place.
Negative
Neurotransmitters that bind to the postsynaptic membrane generate a response by either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic neuron. This response can lead to the generation of an action potential if the threshold is reached, propagating the signal further along the neuron.