Packets
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Through a network. One example of a hardwired connection is called an Ethernet connection. Data can also be transferred through a wireless network by the use of a wireless router.
Air time, data bundles, sms bundles
When the data has to pass through different routers, one has to use network layers to retail the encrypted data. The group of microchips controlling data flow are called manned chips .
server
Upstream is how fast a host(user) Internet server sends data to the network. Ex When one plays a game ( hitting buttons etc) or types data in on the pc, that persons is sending data to the network. The network process this data at a certain speed. So how fast ones Internet service provider (ISP) sends a host(user) 's data to the network is called upstream and how fast the network send data to the ISP then to the host is called downstream.
Bandwidth
Hop
All the data that a network transmits in chunks is called packets.A packetis one unit of binary data capable of being routed through a computer network. To improve communication performance and reliability, each message sent between two network devices is often subdivided into packets by the underlying hardware and software.
Active Directory is called active bacause it is actively updating it's data through replication from differnt sites and other domain controllers with in the network
A server.
Encryption