A hazard
When a book falls off the table, it changes from a state of rest to a state of motion. Gravity is the force acting on the book that causes it to fall.
The potential energy of the book decreases as it falls off the table and its height decreases.
When a book falls off a shelf and hits the ground, its potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as it falls. When it hits the ground, some of the kinetic energy is converted into sound and heat energy due to the impact.
The energy change that takes place as a cup falls off a table is the cup's potential energy decreases while the cup's kinetic energy increases.
The scene where Katniss falls off the parachute is on page 136 of the book "Mockingjay" by Suzanne Collins.
A larger girl stands on it while singing. She falls off and the table topples over, breaking in the process.
The force of gravity causes a book to fall, but someone has to push it to the edge of the desk, or off the desk so that the force of gravity is greater than the normal force acting on the book.
When a beam of light falls on a surface, it is called reflection if it bounces off the surface, or refraction if it passes through the surface and changes direction.
Not quite sure I understand the rather vague question. But gravity ensures the book remains stationary on the level tabletop. If the table is tilted enough, the book will slide down the slope, still governed by gravity. If I gave the book a shove and it slid off the level tabletop, I would be using a physical force.
Law of Gravity
off the table implies the use of the unexpressed second person subject 'you' and an imperative command. YOU, off the table! off of the table implies the use of the unexpressed verb GET and an imperative command. Get off of the table.
The cup sitting on a table has gravitational potential energy due to its position in the Earth's gravitational field. If the cup is also filled with liquid that has thermal energy, then it would have some thermal energy as well.