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What causes a banana's peel to turn brown or black and what causes the fruit to ripen are two different things. A banana's peel turns brown due to an enzyme (polyphenyl oxidase), which is naturally found in the banana. The enzyme polymerises phenols in the banana skin into polyphenols. Polyphenols are similar to melanin, the pigment responsible for the color in our skin. This is what blackens the skin of the bananas.

The enzyme that makes bananas sweet is called amylase. Amylase breaks down the starch in the banana fruit. When the starch is broken into its smaller sugar components, called glucose, the banana tastes sweet. The enzyme that softens the banana is called pectinase. Pectinase breaks down the cell walls in the banana fruit so that it is less firm.

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Q: When a green banana turns yellow a sit ripens. What kind of change is taking place?
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